Which statement is true regarding the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)?

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a foundational concept in finance that establishes a relationship between systematic risk and expected return for assets, particularly stocks. The essence of CAPM lies in its ability to quantify risk through the concept of beta, which measures how much an asset's returns are expected to change in relation to changes in market returns. The model provides a formula that calculates the expected return of an investment based on its risk relative to the risk-free rate and the overall market risk premium.

The focus on systematic risk is critical because it differentiates between the inherent risks associated with the market (which cannot be diversified away) and unsystematic risks that are specific to individual securities. CAPM asserts that investors expect to be compensated for taking on higher levels of systematic risk, hence the expected return increases with the level of beta.

This understanding is crucial for investment decision-making and portfolio management, as it helps investors evaluate whether they are receiving adequate returns for the risks they are taking. The other statements do not accurately represent the key principles of CAPM: it does not assume that all investors are risk-seeking, it is not primarily used to assess historical market trends, and it certainly applies to a range of assets beyond just fixed income securities.